Your Professional Carbon Steel Supplier
Shandong Hengli Group was founded in 1995 and has been focusing on steel supply and services for over 30 years, accumulating extensive experience and stable supply capabilities. The company’s headquarters is located in Jinan, one of China’s largest steel raw material bases, adjacent to high-speed rail stations and airports, and bordering Tianjin Port to the north and Qingdao Port to the east, offering a superior geographical location with efficient and convenient logistics.
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Hengrui Group is a reliable supplier from Shandong with strong mill connections.
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Carbon steel is an alloy that contains varying amounts of carbon, usually between 0.5% and 2.0%. The amount of carbon in the steel affects its properties, including its strength, hardness, and ductility. There are three types of carbon steel: low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, and high carbon steel.
Carbon Steel Composition
|
Steel Type |
Carbon Range (%) |
Typical Microstructure |
Key Characteristics |
Representative Grades |
|
Low Carbon Steel |
0.05 to 0.25 |
Ferrite and Pearlite |
Economical with low hardness. Offers excellent ductility, weldability, toughness, and is easy to machine |
AISI 304, ASTM A815, AISI 316L |
|
Medium Carbon Steel |
0.30 to 0.50 |
Predominantly Martensitic |
Moderate strength and toughness. Limited hardenability but decent mechanical performance |
AISI 409, ASTM A29, SCM435 |
|
High Carbon Steel |
0.60 to 1.00 |
Mainly Pearlite |
High strength and hardness but reduced ductility. Suitable for high-wear applications |
AISI 440C, EN 10088-3 |
Carbon Steel Melting Point
|
Low Carbon (AISI 1020) |
Medium Carbon (AISI 1040) |
High Carbon (AISI 1095) |
|
|
Solidus (°C) |
1420 |
1420 |
1410 |
|
Liquidus (°C) |
1460 |
1460 |
1450 |
Key Advantages of Carbon Steel
Affordability:
Since it uses common elements like iron and carbon, carbon steel is far less expensive than alloyed or exotic metals. This makes it ideal for mass production in industries like construction, automotive, and infrastructure.
Customizability:
Heat treatment processes can significantly enhance properties. Medium carbon steel can be quenched and tempered for greater toughness, while high carbon steel can be hardened to improve edge retention and strength.
Mechanical Strength:
Especially in high carbon steel, the increased carbon content leads to greater hardness and tensile strength, which is useful for cutting tools, dies, and wear-resistant parts.
Weldability:
Low carbon steel is highly weldable due to its minimal carbon content, making it ideal for construction, fabrication, and pipeline applications.
Multiple Functions/Features
Strength:
The load a material can bear, measured by yield point and tensile strength. Yield point is the point at which a material deforms, but does not break, and tensile strength is the amount of stress needed to actually break a material.
Ductility:
The amount a material can be stretched without becoming brittle. Ductility is measured by elongation, which is the percent the length of a material increases before it breaks.
Hardness:
The wear resistance of material and machinability of material. This is usually measured on the Rockwell hardness scale or Brinell Hardness scale.
Chemical Composition of Common Low Carbon Plate Grades
|
Grade |
Carbon Max |
Manganese |
Phosphorus Max |
Sulfur Max |
Silicon |
|
A36 up to 3/4” thick |
0.25% |
N/A |
0.030% |
0.030% |
0.40% Max |
|
A36 >3/4 – 1 ½” thick |
0.25% |
0.80-1.20% |
0.030% |
0.030% |
0.40% Max |
|
A36 > 1 ½ - 2 ½” thick |
0.26% |
0.80-1.20% |
0.030% |
0.030% |
0.15-0.40% |
|
A36 >2 ½ - 4” thick |
0.27% |
0.85-1.20% |
0.030% |
0.030% |
0.15-0.40% |
|
A36 >4” thick |
0.29% |
0.85-1.20% |
0.030% |
0.030% |
0.15-0.40% |
|
A572 Grade 42 |
0.21% |
1.35% |
0.030% |
0.030% |
0.15-0.40% |
|
A572 Grade 50 |
0.23% |
1.35% |
0.030% |
0.030% |
0.15-0.40% |
|
A830 Grade 1020 |
0.18-0.23% |
0.30-0.60% |
0.030% |
0.030% |
N/A |
Limitations of Carbon Steel
Poor Corrosion Resistance: Unlike stainless steel, which contains chromium, carbon steel has no form of rust and will rust quickly in humid environments or the marine environment. Protecting the steel is often required by either a coating or galvanization.
Brittleness in High Carbon steel: It is well known that as hardness increases, ductility will decrease. For example high carbon steel can crack under impact or tension due to lack of ductility in high carbon steel and limits the applications where this material approach is to be used and if flexibility is needed then it cannot be used.
Limited Heat Treatment in Low Grades: Even though low carbon steel will undergo heat treatment, it is not as effective as high and medium carbon steel i.e low carbon steel cannot be significantly hardened and it is essentially only cold worked to maximize its strength.
Formability: Even though ductility is a topic that relates to forming of low carbon steel easily, high carbon steel offers poor formability and is more difficult to shape or machine.
FAQ
We're known as one of the most professional carbon steel manufacturers and suppliers in China. Please rest assured to buy high quality carbon steel for sale here from our factory. For price consultation, contact us.
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