Your Professional Stainless Steel Supplier
Shandong Hengli Group was founded in 1995 and has been focusing on steel supply and services for over 30 years, accumulating extensive experience and stable supply capabilities. The company’s headquarters is located in Jinan, one of China’s largest steel raw material bases, adjacent to high-speed rail stations and airports, and bordering Tianjin Port to the north and Qingdao Port to the east, offering a superior geographical location with efficient and convenient logistics.
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Stainless Steel Alloy Characteristics
Here’s a stainless steel grade chart to break down the characteristics of the alloys listed above:
|
Alloy |
Tensile Strength |
Maximum Use Temp |
Melting Point |
Resistance |
|
Austenitic Alloys |
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|
Grade 301 Stainless |
515 MPa (75 Ksi) |
871 °C (1600 °F) |
1399-1421°C (2550-2590°F) |
Excellent corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 302 Stainless |
585 MPa (85 Ksi) |
870˚C (1,679˚F) |
1400-1420 °C (2550-2590 °F) |
Excellent corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 303 Stainless Steel |
690 MPa ( 100 Ksi) |
760˚C (1,400˚F) |
1400-1420 °C (2550-2590 °F) |
Lower corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 304 Stainless |
621 MPa (90 Ksi) |
870˚C (1,679˚F) |
1,399 – 1,454˚C (2,550 – 2,650˚F) |
Good overall resistance to corrosives |
|
Grade 309 Stainless |
620 MPa (89 Ksi) |
1000˚C (1,832˚F) |
1400-1455 °C (2550-2651 °F) |
Excellent corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 316 Stainless |
579 MPa (84 ksi) |
~800˚C (1,472˚F) |
1,371 – 1,399˚C (2,500 – 2,550˚F) |
Excellent chloride resistance |
|
Grade 317 Stainless |
585 MPa ( 85 Ksi) |
816˚C (1,500˚F) |
1,370 – 1,400˚C (2,500 – 2,550˚F) |
Good chloride resistance |
|
Grade 321 Stainless |
620 MPa (90Ksi) |
816˚C (1,500˚F) |
1,400 – 1,425˚C (2,550 – 2,600˚F) |
Excellent corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 347 Stainless |
690 MPa (101 Ksi) |
816˚C (1,500˚F) |
1,400 – 1,425˚C (2,550 – 2,600˚F) |
Excellent corrosion resistance |
|
Ferritic Alloys |
||||
|
Grade 405 Stainless |
585 MPa (85Ksi) |
815˚C (1,499˚F) |
1,480 – 1,530˚C (2,700 – 2,790˚F) |
Good acid corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 408 Stainless |
505 MPa (73 Ksi) |
815˚C (1,499˚F) |
1,400 – 1,455˚C (2,550 – 2,650˚F) |
Resists well against most oxidizing acids and salt spray |
|
Grade 409 Stainless |
448MPa (65 Ksi) |
815˚C (1,499˚F) |
1,425 – 1,510˚C (2,597 – 2,750 F) |
Good corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 420 Stainless |
760 - 1702 MPa (110 - 247 Ksi) |
427˚C (800˚F) |
1,455 – 1,510˚C (2,651 – 2,750 F) |
Fairly corrosion resistant |
|
Grade 430 Stainless |
450 MPa (65 ksi) |
815˚C (1,499˚F) |
1,425 – 1,510˚C (2,597 – 2750˚F) |
Good nitric acid resistance |
|
Grade 434 Stainless |
540 MPa (78 ksi) |
815˚C (1,499˚F) |
1,426 – 1,510˚C (2,600 – 2750˚F) |
Superior pitting resistance |
|
Grade 436 Stainless |
459 MPa (67 Ksi) |
815˚C (1,499˚F) |
1,425 – 1,510˚C (2,600 – 2,750˚F) |
Excellent citric and nitric acid corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 442 Stainless |
515-550 MPa (77 - 80Ksi) |
925-980˚C (1,700/1,800˚F) |
1,065 – 1,120˚C (1,950 – 1,120˚F) |
Good corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 444 Stainless |
415 MPa ( 60 Ksi) |
950˚C (1,752˚F) |
1,405 – 1,495˚C (2,561 – 2,723˚F) |
Good oxidation resistance |
|
Martensitic Alloy |
||||
|
Grade 410 Stainless |
500 -1400 MPa (73 - 203 Ksi) |
650˚C (1,202˚F) |
1,482 – 1,532˚C (2,700 – 2,790˚F) |
Good corrosion resistance to air, water, and some chemicals |
|
Grade 410S Stainless |
444 MPa (64 Ksi) |
705˚C (1,300˚F) |
1,482 – 1,532˚C (2,700 – 2,790˚F) |
Good oxidation resistance |
|
Grade 416 Stainless |
517 MPa (75 Ksi) |
760˚C (1,400˚F) |
1,480 – 1,530˚C (2,696 – 2,786˚F) |
Poor Chloride resistance. Good resistance to acids, alkalis & fresh water |
|
Grade 420 Stainless |
586 MPa (85 ksi) when annealed |
650˚C (1,202˚F) |
1,454 – 1,510˚C (2,649 – 2,750˚F) |
Resistant to mild acids, alkalis, and water when hardened |
|
Grade 440 Stainless |
758 MPa (110 Ksi) |
760˚C (1,400˚F) |
1,483˚C ( 2,700˚F) |
Limited corrosion resistance |
|
Duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) Alloys |
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|
Grade 2205 Stainless |
620 MPa (90 Ksi) |
300˚C (572˚F) |
1,385 – 1,443˚C (2,525 – 2,630˚F) |
Excellent corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 2304 Stainless |
>600 MPa (>87 Ksi) |
570˚C (1058˚F) |
900 – 1,150˚C (1,650 – 2,100˚F) |
Resistance to corrosion cracking |
|
Grade 2507 Stainless |
800 MPa (116 Ksi) |
300˚C (572˚F) |
1,350˚C (2,460˚F) |
Excellent chloride corrosion resistance |
|
Precipitation Hardening (PH) Alloys |
||||
|
Grade 17-4 Stainless |
1103 MPa (160 Ksi) |
316˚C (600˚F) |
1,404 - 1,440˚C (2,560 - 2,625˚F) |
Excellent corrosion resistance |
|
Grade 15-5 Stainless |
1380 MPa (200 Ksi) |
316˚C (600˚F) |
1,404 - 1,440˚C (2,560 - 2,625˚F) |
Excellent corrosion resistance |
General Properties of Stainless Steel
Aesthetics
Stainless steel has a great variety of surface finishes, from matt to bright and including brushed and engraved. It can be embossed or tinted, making stainless a unique and aesthetic material. It is often used by architects for building envelopes, interior design and street furniture.
Mechanical Properties
Compared to other materials, stainless steel has strong mechanical properties at ambient temperatures – it is steel after all! In particular, it combines ductility, elasticity and hardness, enabling it to be used in difficult metal forming modes (deep stamping, flat bending, extrusion, etc.) while offering resistance to heavy wear (friction, abrasion, impact, elasticity, etc.). Furthermore, it offers good mechanical behaviour at both low and high temperatures.
Resistance to Fire
Stainless steel has the best fire resistance of all metallic materials when used in structural applications, having a critical temperature above 800°C. Stainless steel is ranked A2s1d0 for fire resistance with no toxic fume emissivity.
Corrosion Resistance
With a minimum chromium content of 10.5%, stainless steel is continuously protected by a passive layer of chromium oxide that forms naturally on the surface through the reaction of the chromium with oxygen from air or water. If the surface is scratched, it regenerates itself. This particularity give stainless steels their corrosion resistance.
Cleanability
Stainless steel items are easy to clean, usual cleaning products (detergents, soap powders) are sufficient and do not damage the surface. Stainless steel fully meets the requirements of decoration and cooking utensils that require frequent and effective washing.
Remarkable Service
The meltshop
The meltshop is the first step in the stainless steel manufacturing process. Raw materials are melted in an electric arc furnace before carbon, sulfur, and any nitrogen are removed in a steel converter. The steel composition is then fine-tuned in ladle treatment before the molten steel is cast into slabs or ingots.
Hot rolling
In hot rolling, the microstructure of semi-finished casting products such as slabs, blooms, or billets is broken down and deformed. The deformed grains recrystallize, which maintains an equiaxed microstructure (a structure in which the grains have approximately the same dimensions in all directions) and prevents the steel from work hardening.
Cold rolling
Cold rolling involves rolling wide sheets of stainless steel between small-diameter working rolls backed by two or three layers of supporting rolls. The steel strip profile and flatness are carefully controlled during the process.
Annealing and pickling
Annealing and pickling (AP) is a process used to restore the properties of stainless steel after cold rolling by recovering and recrystallizing the deformed microstructure. A typical cold rolled AP line has a pre-treatment phase, which is often an electrolytic pickling step in a neutral solution based on sodium sulfate or an acidic step based on nitric acid. A bright annealing (BA) line can also be used to restore the material properties, where the steel strip is treated in a protective atmosphere of hydrogen, or a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen.
Final processing
Final processing, also called finishing, is where stainless steel coils and plates are tailored according to the requirements of the end customer. This can involve processes like levelling of a plate or coil, slitting or cutting coils into rows or sheets, edge preparation for welding, and surface preparation like grinding, pattern rolling, or brushing.
Typical Contents of Stainless Steel
Nickel – To stabilize the austenitic structure, improve forming properties, increase ductility, high temperature strength and corrosion resistance (particularly in industrial and marine atmospheres, chemical, food and textile processing industries).
Silicon – To increase scaling resistance and resist carburizing at high temperatures.
Manganese – To improve hot working properties, increase yield and tensile strengths (above 2%), partially replace nickel and stabilize the austenitic structure.
Molybdenum – To increase corrosion resistance (particularly in sulfite, sulfate, acetic acid and acetate solutions and salt water atmosphere), increase creep resistance, increase strength at elevated temperatures, expand range of passivity and counteract tendency to pit.
Titanium, Columbium and Tantalum – To prevent intergranular corrosion by stabilizing the carbon as titanium or columbium carbides instead of chromium carbides, produce finer grain size, reduce stretcher strains from drawing and forming in type 430.
Sulfur, Phosphorus and Selenium – To improve machinability.
Additional Chromium –To increase scaling, wear and corrosion resistance and increase tensile strength.
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TIMES STEEL maintains ready stock and can arrive at Chinese ports within as fast as 3 days, ready for shipment to the destination port. TIMES STEEL offers exceptionally fast delivery.
FAQ
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1 5 inch steel pipe, 4 inch stainless pipe
